GENDER AND HOUSEWORK IN THE POSTRETIREMENT CONTEXT

Abstract In recent years, social scientists have noted an uptick in “unretirement” of older adults as a large number of retirees have reentered the labor force. Not only do older Americans’ labor-force reentry have implications for our economy as a whole, this also raises important questions regarding the social and interpersonal relationships within households. Specifically, women, compared to men, might be disproportionately subject to work-family conflicts, due to the gendered expectation that women take primary responsibility for household labor. In this study, we examine 758 American couples aged 65 and above from the 2005-2019 Health and Retirement Study (HRS) core survey and the supplemental Consumption and Activities Mail Survey. We examine whether and to what extent couple’s retirement and re-entry into the labor force correspond with changes in the distribution of household labor. Specifically, we expect that while both men and women shift their household labor contributions in accordance to changes in their formal work statuses, changes in men’s contributions are attenuated relative to women’s. The results show that while both male and female retirees spend more time housework when their spouses work, women tend to perform more housework when they re-enter the labor force whereas men’s contributions decline significantly upon their re-entry. These patterns are increasingly evident from the analysis focused on routine tasks, typically done by women. These results highlight how gender ideological scripts can frame relational contributions and expectations as well as their persistence despite shifts in economic contributions to the household.

medical expenditures.The aggregate CI burden was $627B (95%CI: $511B-$743B): 59% due to ADRD and 41% to MCI.Individuals with MCI without progression to ADRD lost healthy life years valued at $119K (95%CI:$99K-$139K).Those with early CI onset were more likely to be from disadvantaged populations and carried the largest per capita burden [$376K (95% CI: $315K-$436K)] cumulating to 60% on aggregate, nearly half of which experienced during MCI.Individuals with lower education, progression to ADRD, or racial/ethnic minorities also carried disproportionate burden.MCI represents 41% of the overall CI burden and disproportionately affects individuals with early CI onset.Characterizing CI-related health and economic disparities at milder stages and younger ages should be prioritized.

THE IMPACT OF A NATIONWIDE PHYSICAL ACTIVITY INTERVENTION FOR DIABETES AND HYPERTENSION PREVENTION
Cynthia Chen 1 , Gregory Ang 1 , Chuen Seng Tan 1 , Falk Müller-Riemenschneider 1 , and Yot Teerawattananon 2 , 1. National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore,2. Health Intervention and Technology Assessment Program,Muang Nonthaburi,Nonthaburi,Thailand Increasing physical inactivity is a primary risk factor for diabetes and hypertension, contributing to rising healthcare expenditure and productivity losses.We examined the cost-effectiveness of the National Steps Challenge (NSC), an annual nationwide mHealth intervention to increase physical activity in Singapore.We used a Markov model to assess the long-term impact of increased physical activity from NSC on adults.Conducting NSC yearly for 10 years on a mean cohort size of 654,500 participants is projected to prevent 6,120 diabetes cases (95% credible interval: 3,690 to 9,040), 10,300 hypertension cases (6,260 to 14,700) hypertension cases and 4,950 death cases (3,280 to 7,040), leading to 78,800 QALYs (56,500 to 102,000) gained.From the health system perspective, assuming no differentiation of cost among different physical activity levels within each health state, the healthcare cost savings from the averted cases is estimated to be SGD674 million (239 million to 1.48 billion), with SGD364 million (57.8 million to 1.04 billion) for diabetes and SGD311 million (95.0 million to 690 million) for hypertension.Using a willingness to pay threshold of SGD10,000, NSC was cost-saving at -SGD4,510 (-14,000 to 1,430) per QALY gained.We project that increasing physical activity from a yearly nationwide physical activity intervention delays the incidence of diabetes and hypertension.Our results suggest that the intervention is cost-saving and improves the quality of life.The estimated cost savings are more significant when indirect costs are considered, hence providing important information for decision-making in countries when considering similar large-scale physical activity programmes.In recent years, social scientists have noted an uptick in "unretirement" of older adults as a large number of retirees have reentered the labor force.Not only do older Americans' labor-force reentry have implications for our economy as a whole, this also raises important questions regarding the social and interpersonal relationships within households.Specifically, women, compared to men, might be disproportionately subject to work-family conflicts, due to the gendered expectation that women take primary responsibility for household labor.In this study, we examine 758 American couples aged 65 and above from the 2005-2019 Health and Retirement Study (HRS) core survey and the supplemental Consumption and Activities Mail Survey.We examine whether and to what extent couple's retirement and re-entry into the labor force correspond with changes in the distribution of household labor.Specifically, we expect that while both men and women shift their household labor contributions in accordance to changes in their formal work statuses, changes in men's contributions are attenuated relative to women's.The results show that while both male and female retirees spend more time housework when their spouses work, women tend to perform more housework when they re-enter the labor force whereas men's contributions decline significantly upon their re-entry.These patterns are increasingly evident from the analysis focused on routine tasks, typically done by women.These results highlight how gender ideological scripts can frame relational contributions and expectations as well as their persistence despite shifts in economic contributions to the household.

GENDER, SEXUAL ORIENTATION, AND SPOUSAL CAREGIVING FOR THOSE WITH DEMENTIA: A FOCUS ON EMOTION WORK
Toni Calasanti, Sadie Giles, and Jing Geng, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States This study draws upon and expands three research streams.The first relates to spousal caregiving for those with dementia, and gender differences in stress.Based on gender divisions of labor, men are more likely to take a task-oriented approach to caregiving; women take a more holistic, empathetic approach.The second strand relates to emotion work, wherein caregivers manipulate their own emotions to produce a desired outcome in another (Hochschild, 2003).Research shows that spouses find performing emotion work "draining" (Umberson, et al., 2020), and that women do it more.Finally, we draw upon research that finds that samesex couples are more egalitarian in their division of labor than are straight couples; how this impacts caregiving approaches or emotion work is unclear.Weaving these together, our study explores how inequalities of gender and sexuality intersect in shaping caregiving by older adults who care for their demented spouses.Our analysis of in-depth interviews conducted among 69 straight, gay, and lesbian caregivers finds that, first, heterosexual men rarely engage in emotion work, though they do manage their own feelings.Second, heterosexual wives overwhelmingly manipulate their feelings in attempts to gain compliance from their spouses, calm them, and/or make them happy.Finally, both gay men and lesbians perform emotion work, and they tend to combine the task-oriented and holistic approaches to care.These findings make clear that gender differences found in previous caregiving research are not "natural," and suggest that straight men's lower stress levels may result from their tendency to skip emotion work.

STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL ASPECTS OF SOCIAL NETWORKS AND EMOTIONAL WELL-BEING AMONG LGBT OLDER ADULTS
Anyah Prasad 1 , Jeffrey Burr 1 , Edward Miller 1 , and Karen Fredriksen-Goldsen 2 , 1. University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, United States, 2. University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States Network size and composition are structural aspects and perceived support is a functional aspect of social networks.How these social network characteristics are related to LGBT older adults' emotional wellbeing is not well understood.We investigated these relationships using data from The Caring and Aging with Pride study, a cross-sectional survey of 2,560 LGBT Americans aged 50 years and above, employing a series of mediated and moderated-mediated regression analyses.Results indicated that larger social networks were associated with more perceived support and perceived support partially mediated the association between network size and emotional wellbeing.Results also showed that stress was associated with poor emotional wellbeing via depletion of perceived support but less so when LGBT older adults were embedded in larger networks.These findings are in line with the Convoy Model of Social Relationships and The Stress Process Model; further, the results support Kondrat and colleagues' suggestion that social network size has a moderating role, while social support has a mediating role between stress and health.Also, the Theory of Homophily postulates that shared identity may enhance group cohesion and feeling supported.Accordingly, we observed that perceived support and its mediation role were stronger with LGBT and older network members compared to non-LGBT and younger network members.A larger network of non-LGBT older adults had a more direct beneficial association with LGBT older adults' emotional wellbeing.Our observations have practical implications for programs that aim to support LGBT older adults' emotional wellbeing by strengthening social support through their social networks.

GENDER, ROLES, AND HEALTH GENDER AND HOUSEWORK IN THE POSTRETIREMENT CONTEXT In
Jeong Hwang 1 , Joseph Svec 2 , and Jeong Eun Lee 3 , 1. Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States, 2. Saint Joseph's University, New York City, New York, United States, 3. Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States